Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Adonai occurs 434 times. There are heavy uses of Adonai in Isaiah (e.g., Adonai Yehovah). It occurs 200 times in Ezekiel alone and appears 11 times in Daniel Chapter 9. Adonai is first used in Gen 15:2.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
Kurios - Lord, Master
Meaning and Derivation:
Adonai is the verbal parallel to Yehovah. Adonai is plural; the singular is adon. In reference to God the plural Adonai is used. When the singular adon is used, it usually refers to a human lord. Adon is used 215 times to refer to men. Occasionally in Scripture and predominantly in the Psalms, the singular adon is used to refer to God as well (cf. Exd 34:23). To avoid contravening the commandment "Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain" (Exd 20:7), sometimes Adonai was used as a substitute for Yehovah (YHWH). Adonai can be translated literally as, "my lords'" (both plural and possessive).
Further references :
Genesis 15:2; Genesis 15:8; Genesis 18:3; Genesis 18:27; Genesis 18:30; Genesis 18:31; Genesis 18:32; Genesis 20:4; Exodus 4:10; Exodus 4:13; Exodus 5:22; Exodus 15:17; Exodus 34:9; numbers 14:17; Deuteronomy 3:24; Deuteronomy 9:26; Joshua 7:07; Joshua 7:8; Judges 6:15; Judges 6:22; Judges 13:8; Judges 16:28; 2 Samuel 7:18; 2 Samuel 7:19; 2 Samuel 7:20; 2 Samuel 7:28; 2 Samuel 7:29; 1 Kings 2:26; 1 Kings 3:10; 1 Kings 8:53; 1 Kings 22:6; 2 Kings 7:06; 2 Kings 19:23; Ezra 10:3; Nehemiah 1:11; Nehemiah 4:14; Job 28:28; Psalms 2:4; Psalms 16:2; Psalms 22:30; Psalms 35:17; Psalms 35:22; Psalms 35:23; Psalms 37:13; Psalms 38:9; Psalms 38:15; Psalms 38:22; Psalms 39:7; Psalms 40:17; Psalms 44:23 ... etc.
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El Elyon (עֶלְיוֹן אֵל) - The Most High God
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament El Elyon occurs 28 times. It occurs 19 times in Psalms. El Elyon is first used in Gen 14:18.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
ho Theos ho hupsistos - the God most high
Meaning and Derivation:
El is another name that is translated as "God" and can be used in conjunction with other words to designate various aspects of God's character. Elyon literally means "Most High" and is used both adjectivally and substantivally throughout the Old Testament. It expresses the extreme sovereignty and majesty of God and His highest preeminence. When the two words are combined - El Elyon - it can be translated as "the most exalted God." (Psalms 57:2)
Further references :
Genesis 14:18; Genesis 14:19; Genesis 14:20; Genesis 14:22; Psalms 57:2; Psalms 78:35
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El Olam (עוֹלָם אֵל) - The Everlasting God, The God of Eternity, The God of the Universe, The God of Ancient Days
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament El Olam occurs 15 times. El Olam is first used in Gen 21:33.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
[ho] Theos [ho] aiônios - the everlasting God
Meaning and Derivation:
El is another name that is translated as "God" and can be used in conjunction with other words to designate various aspects of God's character. Olam derives from the root word 'lm (which means "eternity"). Olam literally means "forever," "eternity," or "everlasting". When the two words are combined - El Olam - it can be translated as "The Eternal God."
Further references :
Genesis 21:33; Jeremiah 10:10; Isaiah 26:4
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El Shaddai (שַׁדַּי אֵל) - All-Sufficient One, Lord God Almighty
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament El Shaddai occurs 7 times. El Shaddai is first used in Gen 17:1.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
Theou saddai - God Shaddai; pantokratôr (for Shaddai) - the Almighty
Meaning and Derivation:
El is another name that is translated as "God" and can be used in conjunction with other words to designate various aspects of God's character. Another word much like Shaddai, and from which many believe it derived, is shad meaning "breast" in Hebrew (some other scholars believe that the name is derived from an Akkadian word Šadu, meaning "mountain," suggesting strength and power). This refers to God completely nourishing, satisfying, and supplying His people with all their needs as a mother would her child. Connected with the word for God, El, this denotes a God who freely gives nourishment and blessing, He is our sustainer.
Further references :
Genesis 17:1; Genesis 28:3; Genesis 35:11; Genesis 43:14; Genesis 48:3
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Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) - God, Judge, Creator
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Elohim occurs over 2000 times. Elohim is first used in Gen 1:1.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
Theos - the standard Greek word for god, "a transcendent being who exercises extraordinary control in human affairs or is responsible for bestowal of unusual benefits" (BDAG). It specifically refers to the monotheistic God of Israel.
Meaning and Derivation:
Elohim is translated as "God." The derivation of the name Elohim is debatable to most scholars. Some believe it derived from 'êl which, in turn, originates from the root word, 'wl (which means "strong"). Others think that Elohim is derived from another two roots: 'lh (which means "god") in conjunction with 'elôah (which means "fear"). And still others presume that both 'êl and Elohim come from 'eloah.
Further references :
Genesis 2:4; Genesis 2:5; Genesis 2:7; Genesis 2:8; Genesis 2:9; Genesis 2:15; Genesis 2:16; Genesis 2:18; Genesis 2:19; Genesis 2:21; Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 3:8; Genesis 3:09; Genesis 3:13
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Yehovah (יְהֹוָה) - "I AM", The LORD God, The Everlasting God, The God of Eternity
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah occurs 6,519 times. This name is used more than any other name of God. Yehovah is first used in Gen 2:4.
Variant spellings: YHWH, Yehovah
In the Septuagint:
Kurios - Lord, Master despotês - Lord, Master, denoting the omnipotence of God (TDNT), despot, absolute ruler
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is the promised name of God. This name of God which (by Jewish tradition) is too holy to voice, is actually spelled "YHWH" without vowels. YHWH is referred to as the Tetragrammaton (which simply means "the four letters"). YHWH comes from the Hebrew letters: Yud, Hay, Vav, Hay. While YHWH is first used in Genesis 2, God did not reveal Himself as YHWH until Exodus 3. The modern spelling as "Yehovah" includes vowels to assist in pronunciation. We no longer know for certain the exact pronunciation. During the third century A.D., the Jewish people stopped saying this name in fear of contravening the commandment "Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain" (Exd 20:7). As a result of this, Adonai is occasionally a substitute for YHWH.
Further references :
Genesis 2:4; Genesis 2:5; Genesis 2:7; Genesis 2:8; Genesis 2:9; Genesis 2:15; Genesis 2:16; Genesis 2:18; Genesis 2:19; Genesis 2:21; Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:1 ; Genesis 3:8; Genesis 3:9; Genesis 3:13; Genesis 3:14; Genesis 3:21; Genesis 3:22; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 4:1; Genesis 4:3; Genesis 4:4; Genesis 4:6; Genesis 4:9; Genesis 4:13; Genesis 4:15; Genesis 4:16; Genesis 4:26; Genesis 5:29; Genesis 6:3; Genesis 6:5; Genesis 6:6; Genesis 6:7; Genesis 6:8; Genesis 7:1; Genesis 7:5; Genesis 7:16; Gen 8:20; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 9:26; Genesis 10:9; Genesis 11:5; Genesis 11:6; Genesis 11:8; Genesis 11:9; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 12:8; Genesis 12:17 etc.
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Yehovah Yireh (יִרְאֵה יְהֹוָה) - The LORD Will Provide
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah-Jireh occurs only once in Gen 22:14.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
Kurios eiden - the LORD has seen
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD." The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Yehovah-Jireh is a symbolic name given to Mount Moriah by Abraham to memorialize the intercession of God in the sacrifice of Isaac by providing a substitute for the imminent sacrifice of his son.
Further references :
Genesis 22:14
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Yehovah Mekoddishkem (מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם יְהוָה) - The LORD Who Sanctifies You, The LORD Who Makes Holy
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah Mekoddishkem occurs 2 times. Yehovah Mekoddishkem is first used in Exd 31:13.
Variant spellings: Yehovah M'kaddesh
In the Septuagint:
Kurios ho hagiazôn humas - the LORD that sanctifies you
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Mekoddishkem derives from the Hebrew word qâdash meaning "sanctify," "holy," or "dedicate." Sanctification is the separation of an object or person to the dedication of the Holy. When the two words are combined - Yehovah Mekoddishkem - it can be translated as "The LORD who sets you apart."
Further references :
Exodus 31:13; Leviticus 20:8
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Yehovah Nissi (נִסִּי יְהֹוָה) - The LORD My Banner, The LORD My Miracle
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah-Nissi occurs only once in Exd 17:15.
Variant spellings: Yehovah Nisi; Yehovahnissi
In the Septuagint:
Kurios kataphugê mou - the LORD is my refuge
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Nes (nês), from which Nissi derived, means "banner" in Hebrew. In Exd 17:15, Moses, recognizing that the LORD was Israel's banner under which they defeated the Amalekites, builds an altar named Yehovah-Nissi (the LORD our Banner). Nes is sometimes translated as a pole with an insignia attached. In battle opposing nations would fly their own flag on a pole at each of their respective front lines. This was to give their soldiers a feeling of hope and a focal point. This is what God is to us: a banner of encouragement to give us hope and a focal point.
Further references :
Exodus 17:15
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Yehovah Qanna (קַנָּא יְהֹוָה) - LORD Is Jealous, Zealous
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Qanna occurs 6 times. Qanna is first used in Exd 20:5.
Variant spellings: Kanna
In the Septuagint:
zêlôtês - jealous
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Qanna is translated as "jealous," "zealous," or "envy." The fundamental meaning relates to a marriage relationship. God is depicted as Israel's husband; He is a jealous God, wanting all our praise for Himself and no one else. (cf. Exodus 34:14 )"
Further references :
Exodus 20:5; Exodus 34:14 ; Deuteronomy 4:24 ; Deuteronomy 5:9; Deuteronomy 6:15
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Yehovah Rapha (רָפָא יְהֹוָה) - The LORD Who Heals
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah-Rapha (The LORD that Heals) is used in Exd 15:26.
Variant spellings: Yehovah-Rophe; Yehovah Rophecha; Yehovah Raphah
In the Septuagint:
Kurios ho iômenos se - the LORD your healer
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD." The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Rapha (râpâ') means "to restore", "to heal" or "to make healthful" in Hebrew. When the two words are combined - Yehovah Rapha - it can be translated as "Yehovah Who Heals." (cf. Jer 30:17; Jer 3:22; Isa 30:26; Isa 61:1; Psa 103:3). Yehovah is the Great Physician who heals the physical and emotional needs of His people.
Further references :
Exodus 15:26
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Yehovah Sabaoth (צָבָא יְהֹוָה) - The LORD of Hosts, The LORD of Powers
Use in the Bible:
Yehovah and Elohim occur with Sabaoth over 285 times. It is most frequently used in Jeremiah and Isaiah. Yehovah Sabaoth is first used in 1Sa 1:3.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
Kurios sabaôth - the LORD of hosts (sabaôth: Gr. transliteration of Heb. "hosts")
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Sabaoth (se bâ'ôt) means "armies" or "hosts." Yehovah Sabaoth can be translated as "The LORD of Armies" (1Sa 1:3). This name denotes His universal sovereignty over every army, both spiritual and earthly. The LORD of Hosts is the king of all heaven and earth. (Psa 24:9-10; Psa 84:3; Isa 6:5).
Further references :
1Sa 1:11; 1Sa 17:45; 2Sa 6:18; 2Sa 7:27; 1Ki 19:14; 2Ki 3:14; 1Ch 11:9; Psa 24:10; Psa 48:8; Psa 80:4; Psa 80:19; Psa 84:3; Isa 1:24; Isa 3:15; Isa 5:16; Isa 6:5; Isa 9:19; Isa 10:26; Isa 14:22; Jer 9:15; Jer 48:1; Hsa 12:5; Amo 3:13; Mic 4:4; Nah 3:5; Hag 2:6; Zec 1:3; Mal 1:6; Hab 2:13; Zep 2:9
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Yehovah Shalom (שָׁלוֹם יְהֹוָה) - The LORD Is Peace
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah-Shalom occurs only once in Jdg 6:24.
Variant spellings: None
In the Septuagint:
eirênê Kuriou - peace of the LORD
Meaning and Derivation:
Meaning and Derivation: Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Shalom is a derivative of shâlêm (which means "be complete" or "sound"). Shalom is translated as "peace" or "absence from strife." Yehovah-Shalom is the name of an altar built by Gideon in Ophrah.
Further references :
Jdg 6:24
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Yehovah Shammah (שָׁמָה יְהֹוָה) - The LORD Is There
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah Shammah occurs only once in Ezekiel 48:35.
Variant spellings: Yehovah Samma
In the Septuagint:
estai to onoma autês - the name thereof
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Shammah is derived from the Hebrew word sham, which can be translated as "there." Yehovah Shammah is a symbolic name for the earthly Jerusalem. The name indicates that God has not abandoned Jerusalem, leaving it in ruins, but that there will be a restoration.
Further references :
Ezekiel 48:35
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Yehovah Tsidkenu (צִדְקֵנוּ יְהֹוָה) - The LORD Our Righteousness
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah Tsidkenu occurs 2 times. Yehovah Tsidkenu is first used in Jer 23:6.
Variant spellings: Yehovah Tzidkaynu; Yehovah Tsidqenuw
In the Septuagint:
Kuriou tou Theou hêmôn elalêsen pros hêmas - the LORD our God spoke to us
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Tsedek (tseh'-dek), from which Tsidkenu derived, means "to be stiff," "to be straight," or "righteous" in Hebrew. When the two words are combined - Yehovah Tsidkenu - it can be translated as "The LORD Who is our Righteousness."
Further references :
Jeremiah 23:6; Jeremiah 33:16
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Yehovah Raah (רָעָה יְהֹוָה) - The LORD My Shepherd
Use in the Bible:
In the Old Testament Yehovah-Raah (The LORD my Shepherd) is used in Psalm 23.
Variant spellings: Yehovah Rohi; Yehovah Ro'eh
In the Septuagint:
Kurios poimainei me - the LORD shepherds me
Meaning and Derivation:
Yehovah is translated as "The Existing One" or "LORD". The chief meaning of Yehovah is derived from the Hebrew word Havah meaning "to be" or "to exist." It also suggests "to become" or specifically "to become known" - this denotes a God who reveals Himself unceasingly. Rô'eh from which Raah derived, means "shepherd" in Hebrew. A shepherd is one who feeds or leads his flock to pasture (Eze 34:11-15). An extend translation of this word, rea', is "friend" or "companion." This indicates the intimacy God desires between Himself and His people. When the two words are combined - Yehovah Raah - it can be translated as "The LORD my Friend."
Further references :
Genesis 48:15; Genesis 49:24; Psalms 23:1; Psalms 80:1
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